In the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine, where water is scarce, and it is constantly becoming more expensive, without irrigation to grow crops is very difficult. For this reason, sprinkling boom gradually diminished. It's time to save water, and therefore - drip irrigation. The same role played by the careless attitude to sprinklers, many of them are in working order. The water was too expensive resource. Its expenses for sprinkling, not comparable with the flow when using drip irrigation. Consequently, the advantage of drip irrigation to sprinkler obvious. Drip irrigation - watering the way in which the water in the system of polyethylene pipes and mikrovodovypuskov (emitters) is fed into the root zone of plants. The main feature of drip irrigation is the supply of water directly to each plant, in accordance with its need for water. This flow of water and energy in drip irrigation at 2 ... 5 times less than with traditional methods of irrigation, as in 3 ... 4-fold reduced rates of application of fertilizers, which are served along with the water directly into the root zone of each plant . Drip irrigation - an economically sound and environmentally safe method of watering gardens, vineyards, berries, vegetables and melons in the open ground, as well as crops in greenhouses and garden plots.

Drip irrigation allows you to engage in vegetable production, even in places due to lack of water it was impossible. For example, in North Africa on the sands, using drip irrigation are more than 100 tons / ha of tomatoes. Fundamentally new way is fertilizer. The diet of fertilizer is calculated accordingly to the needs of seasonal plants. Fertilizers, served in solution with water. Thus, feeding is not the weeds between the rows, and growing crops. During the irrigation through drip irrigation water does not fall on the leaves of vegetables, therefore, plants are less disease. Because water is less, water may be more mineralized than sprinkling. With the help of drip irrigation can be adjusted pH of the soil, to combat pests. Community drip irrigation systems win in maturing products, ie have a head start in the competition when entering the market early vegetables. Three last season, confirmed the effectiveness of the use of drip irrigation. Thanks to him, farmers received about 100 tons of tomatoes per hectare, cucumbers 40 ... 60 t / ha and onions for more than 60 t / ha.

Recently, the question arose of selecting the manufacturer of the drip irrigation in the main producer of drip tape or tube, since more than 20 companies in the world produce such products. To determine the cost of the introduction of drip irrigation is necessary to develop the project and an estimate for a particular site. In particular, the cost of implementing drip irrigation systems are in vegetable 900 ... 1200 euro / ha., In horticulture and viticulture 1400-2000 euro / ha, depending on the type of drip tubing, water source, geometry and layout of the field, integration, and varieties of crops.

Drip irrigation, irrigation method, in which water is fed in small amounts evenly to the roots of plants throughout the growing season and irrigation moisture comes only to the plants, rather than spent on aisle. This drip irrigation system is more efficient than other irrigation systems. Drip irrigation system consists of: head pump station (pump station), the filter station, regulating unit to maintain constant pressure in the irrigation network, pipeline, distribution hoses, irrigation pipe from dripper - drip irrigation tape.

The main advantages of drip irrigation: water enters the root layer of soil. This ensures uniformity of watering, humidity maintained root layer of soil, prevents the crust on it, reduces the consumption of irrigation water and reduced its losses by evaporation from the soil surface. Irrigation system designed for growing different crops in the open and closed ground. Particularly effective, these systems show the application in orchards, vineyards and vegetables. Productivity increases by 40-50%, halved water consumption, prevents soil salinization. Along with this, you can easily control the input of mineral fertilizers, as they are introduced along with irrigation water. Use only need good water soluble fertilizer, to prevent blocking droppers.

The cost of drip irrigation systems is fairly high, so it is important to plan all of the operating system. If planning is done incorrectly, which would entail the misuse of the system, costs did not pay off, as profits will be low. Growing vegetables on drip irrigation is to use the most advanced technologies, so high yields can only be mandatory implementation of all agricultural activities on plant protection, fertilization, care for plants. Drip irrigation system is not protected from inappropriate tillage and care for plants, so all the work necessary to comply promptly and accurately. Trickle feed (tube) with high density can be used for several years.

Drip tape can be used on the soil surface, and embedded in the soil. When using thin tape is important to make sure that she was placed into the soil to a depth of just 5 cm Unfortunately, there is no available technology for accurate laying drip tape in the soil, the difference in depth is ± 5 cm If the tape is too deep, there is a risk changes in pressure and volume of water in the tube, as after heavy rains, the soil is compacted significantly. Also it would be difficult to remove the tube from the soil after the end of the season, if it is too deep in the soil. System maintenance is carried out both in the daytime and at night, so it is important to organize the work of operators in several shifts.

Should be regularly washed filter station and constantly monitor the pressure in the system, to eliminate possible leakage. It is important to choose the right brand of filter station. It depends on the source water. If the withdrawals made from an open water source (river, canal, tanks, ponds), the filter is used gravel and sand. This is due to polluted water. If water intake is from artesian wells - the filter is applied, as a rule, disk or net. The cost of disk filter stations lower than gravel and sand. When used for irrigation water from wells in the laboratory to do its analysis. If the water contains large amounts of salt, possibly blocking droppers.

Installation of the main pipeline, filter stations governing units produced before sowing or transplanting. Laying of flexible hose (LAY FLAT) or polyethylene pipe and drop tube is carried out simultaneously or immediately before sowing or planting seedlings. Laying drip tape (tubes) produce mechanized using converted cultivator, cultivator or vegetable planters. In small areas can be laying manually. Before this you need a breakdown of the square. Trickle tape of high density (with a thick wall) can be laid on the soil surface, which allows the receiver to move toward the front of tillage. If it is found on the soil surface, much easier to monitor its condition and operation of the system as a whole. Select the drop tape density depends upon the use of drip irrigation system. If you plan to maintain a system of one year in one culture, it is better to buy cheaper tape. If the vegetable production is planned for many years (or turnover of vegetables in one year), it is better to invest in more expensive system with more compact tube.

Drip irrigation is one of the most expensive irrigation systems. It is therefore very important to maximally extend the lifetime of drip equipment. Proper use during the season, timely preventive maintenance and repair work can significantly lengthen the duration of the system. However, one of the main elements is the proper preparation of the whole system to storage during the winter. At the end of irrigation season being dismantled and the foundation of all elements of the deposit.

When using a one-year drop tube, it is dismantled and removed from the field with the further utilization. You must first remove the repair fittings, which were applied during the season for maintenance, for future use. An important environmental factor is the trimming of the field from the remnants of the drop tube and other plastic waste. Plastic does not decompose in the soil, so many farmers field where it was used drip irrigation to be contaminated with the remnants of this system. For normal operation of such soils in the future, it is essential to clear the field of plastic of any kind. If used long-term tape it should be washed to remove all the micro and macro particles accumulated during the period of operation. To do this, at the ends of the tube open stub, and the flow of water flushed the system so long as no go clean water. This work is conducted on irrigated block of statements.

If used for irrigation water from open reservoirs, there is the threat of proliferation of blue-green and other algae and bacteria, which form mucus, clogging drip. Therefore, such systems must be put in irrigation water in the chlorine concentration of 20 mg / liter. This flush is done through the injector for 30-60 minutes.

Since, during the season for fertilizing plants apply fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium salts, may occur blocking droppers these salt residues. To remove these salts in the end of the season apply technical nitric, orthophosphoric or perchloric acid at a concentration of 0.6% by active ingredient. Duration of acid irrigation about one hour. After the application of these drugs should be rinsed with clean water for 30-40 minutes.

After all these events, drip tube is winded into the bay and lay the deposit. When winding must be removed from the water pipes. Keep up the receiver must be in a room or sealed containers, to avoid the penetration of small rodents that damage the system. When stored in a room you can use drugs "Fostoksin" or "Mapoksin for gas. It is used 1-3 tablets per 1 cu. meter space. It is important that the room when the gas was completely sealed, and it is not inside. For rodent control use the same drug "Storm", laying bricks in the room at a distance of 1-2 meters from each other. But the most effective is to store in sealed metal containers. For a complete destruction of all pests you can use the gas tanks of such exhaust gases.

The next step in preparation for storage is the dismantling of the main flexible tube LAY FLAT. Connectors LAY FLAT-BAND with a hose is better not to shoot, as this may damage the connectors and jacks. Before demolition is necessary to rinse with clean water to remove all particulate matter. After this, a flexible hose neatly rolled, with the exception of the excesses and deformation. Are measured the length of each sleeve, and hung a label showing the footage and planting schemes, which he applied. Keep hose is better with the drop tube.

Valves and ball valves must be cleaned of contamination, rinsed in water. All parts subject to corrosion grease Lubricants. When storing the need to avoid getting them wet. Gravel and sand filtrostantsii exempt from gravel, washed with clean water. Before installing the deposit they need to be dried. All valves are lubricated on filtrostantsii Lubricants and sealed. Filter gravel should be rinsed in running water through the sieve and make decontamination solutions technical acid to destroy the blue-green algae and bacteria. The concentration of working solution is 0.6% of active substance. Circular and strainers should be thoroughly rinsed in clean water. If they are salt deposits being washed in the same solution of technical acids. After that, all of rinse again in clean water, and dried. Keep them better in assembled form. A very important point is the removal of water from all the elements of drip irrigation. After contact with water may be melting, and damage to parts of irrigation at low temperatures, from the thoroughness of the preparation of all the drip irrigation system for proper storage during the winter depends on longevity of your system that will save you money.

Below is a tentative scheme mounted drip irrigation.

Source: http://silom.at.ua/